Art visualization of Variational Quantum Classifier.

Display the variability of the weights inside the variational quantum classifier.

# Author: Gregoire Cattan
# License: BSD (3-clause)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from pyriemann_qiskit.classification import QuanticVQC
from pyriemann_qiskit.utils.dataset import generate_linearly_separable_dataset
from pyriemann_qiskit.utils.hyper_params_factory import gen_two_local
from pyriemann_qiskit.visualization import weights_spiral

print(__doc__)

In this example we will display weights variability of the parameter inside the variational quantum circuit which is used by VQC.

The idea is simple:

• We initialize a VQC with different number of parameters and number of samples.

• We train the VQC a couple of times and we store the fitted weights.

• We compute variability of the weight and display it in a fashionable way.

# Let's start by defining some plot area.
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2)
fig.suptitle("VQC weights variability")

# We will compute weight variability for different number of samples
for i, n_samples in enumerate([2, 20]):
    # ... and for different number of parameters.
    # (n_reps controls the number of parameters inside the circuit)
    for j, n_reps in enumerate([1, 3]):
        # instanciate VQC.
        vqc = QuanticVQC(gen_var_form=gen_two_local(reps=n_reps))

        # Get data. We will use a toy dataset here.
        X, y = generate_linearly_separable_dataset(n_samples=n_samples)

        # Compute and display weight variability after training
        axe = axes[i, j]
        # ... This is all done in this method
        # It displays a spiral. Each "branch of the spiral" is a parameter inside VQC.
        # The larger is the branch, the higher is the parameter variability.
        weights_spiral(axe, vqc, X, y, n_trainings=5)
        n_params = vqc.parameter_count

        # Just improve display of the graphics.
        if j == 0:
            axe.set_ylabel(f"n_samples: {n_samples}")
        if i == 0:
            axe.set_xlabel(f"n_params: {n_params}")
        axe.xaxis.set_label_position("top")
        axe.set_xticks(())
        axe.set_yticks(())

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

[QClass]  Initializing Quantum Classifier
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  24415
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  24415
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  24415
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  24415
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  24415
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Initializing Quantum Classifier
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  190503
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  190503
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  190503
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  190503
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (2, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  190503
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Initializing Quantum Classifier
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  788622
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  788622
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  788622
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  788622
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  788622
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Initializing Quantum Classifier
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  56067
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  56067
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  56067
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  56067
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...
[QClass]  Quantum simulation will be performed
GPU optimization disabled. No device found.
[QClass]  Fitting:  (20, 2)
[QClass]  Feature dimension =  2
[QClass]  Quantum backend =  AerSimulator('aer_simulator_statevector')
[QClass]  seed =  56067
[QClass]  VQC training...
[QClass]  Training...